which it was difficult for Americans to understand what they were doing. Malnutrition, dysentery and malaria were rife on plantations, especially those producing rubber. In 1968 the bloodiest phase of the war began, and Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy were killed. While Henry Kissinger encouraged President Bush to read Alistair Horne's seminal study of the Algerian War of Independence, A Savage War of Peace . On occasion, I captured communists in flagrante delicto [red-handed] and executed them forthwith. Perhaps the most famous collaborator was Bao Dai, the last of the Nguyen emperors (reigned 1926-45). It was only in the face of heroic mass struggles by the colonised determined to win their independence that France was eventually forced to cede control in the 1950s and 60s. Over 300 civilian residents in M Trch were assassinated, of whom 170 were women and 157 were children. June 1968. Shocking images such as Nick Ut's "Napalm Girl" and Eddie Adams' "Saigon Execution" have become synonymous with the widespread outrage and disapproval of the war in the United States. 1. Thuy Bo incident (disputed) January 31, 1967 to February 1, 1967. Torture and Murder May as well include all the American casualties since the French hoodwinked the U.S. into the damn war in the first place. During the Vietnam War, for example, photographs and footage brought the conflict home to the American people. So many things happened, so many were shot, so many snuffed it. The size of the territory claimed by the French empire in the 19th and 20th centuries was second only to Britain. unvarnished truth about the war in Vietnam. What was the French death toll in their VietnamWar? In general, French colonialism was more haphazard, expedient and brutal than British colonialism. Vietnamese peasant farmers who remained outside the plantations were subject to the corvee, or unpaid labour. Publisher: Alpha History The following source is from a French report into colonial repression and atrocities in French Indochina, between 1930-33: The hysterical repression that followed these native demonstrations led to great cruelties. 312,000 South Korean troops rotated through Vietnam 1964-1972, with 50,000 in country at the height of deployment. French colonists were interested in acquiring land, exploiting labour, exporting resources and making profit. This dark episode was the worst violence in Paris since the Second World War. Here, curfews and armoured vehicles are not a historic relic. During the war of Algerian independence (1954-1962), numerous atrocities, including acts of torture, were committed by French soldiers. Whether youre able to make a $5 monthly donation, or give more we need you. Under the cover of night on Dec. 5, 1967, a coalition of Viet Cong guerrillas and North Vietnamese troops set the village of Dak Son on fire as its inhabitants slept. French propagandists held these collaborators up as an example of the mission civilisatrice benefiting the Vietnamese people. Violence wasnt the terrain chosen by the independence movement. The development of colonised nations was scarcely considered, except where it happened to benefit French interests. These changes, however, were really only significant in the cities: there was little or no attempt to educate the children of peasant farmers. Militia loyal to strongman Laurent Gbagbo, who. France never had a large military presence in Indochina (there were only 11,000 French troops there in 1900) nor were there enough Frenchmen to personally manage this transformation. Citation information The treaty granted France with Cochinchina where missionaries had the freedom to build missions and preach. On occasion, I captured communists in flagrante delicto [red-handed] and executed them forthwith. This would have been around August 1944. Traditional local temples, pagodas, monuments and buildings, some of which had stood for a millennium, were declared derelict and destroyed. Truthout is a nonprofit and depends on your financial support. The country, which had been ruled by France since the late 1800s, marked the day as a moment that is celebrated as a national holiday. Nor is French imperialism a thing of the past. Where there were labour shortfalls, Viet farmers were recruited en masse from outlying villages. It lasted until 1954, with a break between 1941 and 1945, when the Japanese took over during World War 2. Profit, not politics, was the driving force behind French colonisation. The President: You had prisoners tortured. James Griffiths 10 Sep 19 3377 4. . Captain Doucin: Precise instructions were given in confidential message 280 of 8/10/30, ordering the execution of every communist caught in flagrante delicto I am well aware that bloody deeds were done. Halong Bay. In the 20 years between the two world wars, one Michelin-owned plantation recorded 17,000 deaths. This was, in effect, a French form of the English white mans burden. He further estimated 58,877 were killed or disappeared from Vietnamese armed forces. Too much blood spilled on the soil of Vietnam. They did this for reasons of self-interest or because they held Francophile (pro-French) views. 2. They wore camouflaged uniforms and helmets . Get daily news, in-depth reporting and critical analysis from the journalists, activists and thinkers who are working to improve our world.. A man stands near burning tires on a street in Treichville, a suburb of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, on March 8, 2011. From North Africa to South-East Asia, the Middle East to the South Pacific, millions were subjugated, repressed and murdered as French rulers scrambled to secure resources and markets for manufactured goods and profitable investments. Tran Thi Duoc was 16 when the soldiers came to her village. It recounts his experience in French-occupied Vietnam in late September 1945. So here are the facts about French losses during their war in Vietnam. Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. Here are some of the most powerful pictures taken by Larry Burrows during his coverage of the Vietnam War. Ive also created a poll to help identify my website audience before leaving, can you please click HERE and choose the one item best describing you. France was suddenly a beacon of freedom: "Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite" was the motto of the revolution: it is still used to defend liberalism . Conditions were particularly poor on the plantations owned by French tyre manufacturer Michelin. This encouraged self-interest, corruption, venality and heavy-handedness. The best farmland was concentrated in the hands of the colonialists and their collaborators, leaving the majority of peasants vulnerable to famine. Everybody is looking out for themselves. (LogOut/ Their methods were to strike and immediately withdraw. Weve been proudly donor-supported for two decades, but our future will depend on the action our readers take today. At one Michelin plantation, 12,000 workers died between 1917 and 1944. With everything going on right now from escalating white supremacy to the threat of nuclear war to the climate change-fueled disasters across the world Truthout is working overtime to bring you the latest information as it happens. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. No reliable figures exist for the number of wounded, missing in action, or deserters on the DRV side. And only one of the men behind this atrocity, the My Lai Massacre, was ever punished. Laurie Melchionne Our Team Trending on The Tempest. On May 8, 1945, thousands of Algerians took to the streets to celebrate the allied victory over Nazi Germany and end of World War II (1939-1945) and to demand independence from . Pre-conquest, 80 percent of the population were considered functionally literate. French colonialism in Vietnam lasted more than six decades. The search for a soldiers identity in 1968 TETphotos. Author. Palowski: Yes, instructions from Monsieur Robin, who afterwards congratulated us and said: Tres bien! The children of North African immigrants continue to live on the periphery of the city of lights. 94,100. Good post I never had an idea about the French losses in Vietnam I think they lost 6.000 men at Dien Bien Phu which of course is a disastrous number, but obviously not the complete number. Catholic were persecuted, and over 650,000 fled to South Vietnam. Vietnamese forces, outgunned by their adversaries, relied heavily on mines and other booby traps as well as sniper fire and ambushes. The French in modern colonialism were never as cruel as the Belgians in Congo or as racist as GB. At that time, Lee, Bill Downs, and James McGlincy were part of an airborne correspondent corps touring Southeast Asia near the end of World War II. Thuy Bo, in Bn District, Qung Nam Province, South Vietnam. Title: French colonisation in Vietnam is working overtime to bring you the latest information as it happens. France should not be synonymous with the word freedom. Called nguoi phan quoc (traitor) by other locals, these Vietnamese supported colonial rule by collaborating with the French. South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem and JFK were shot dead three weeks apart in 1963. 9 Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The maintenance or restoration of peace is an even more elusive objective. It was the result not only of missionary propaganda but also, after 1850, of the upsurge of French capitalism, which generated the need for overseas markets and the desire for a larger French share of the Asian territories conquered by the West. The 70 percent of the French prison population that is estimated to be Muslim is testament to the enduring reality of state violence and racism. Considering the United States' record as a perpetrator of other massacres in Vietnam, such as Thy B (1967), M Lai (1968), Thanh Phong (1969), and Sn Thng (1970), it was understandable that. It was not uncommon for plantations to have several workers die in a single day. " Marine Ed Austin recorded in his diary in April of 1967 an incident in the Quang Nam province in which men in his platoon sexually humiliated young girls, and he noted that "There are more civilians killed here per day than [Viet Cong] either by accident or on purpose and that's just plain murder. French officials and colonists also benefited from growing, selling and exporting opium, a narcotic drug extracted from poppies. By and large, the mission civilisatrice was a thin facade. The story of the French Revolution is the story of a country collapsing in on itself. Our daily email newsletter will keep you up to date. Small landholders were given the option of remaining as labourers on these plantations or relocating elsewhere. 2,755 known French officers and soldiers are still missing in action beyond those 16,118 POWs returned by DRV. must understand that racism in the United States created a climate in. 538860 research . This website is created and maintained by Alpha History. Bnh Ha massacre (disputed) December 3, 1966 to December 6, 1966. The assailants used . Here's what you need to know about the history of kimonos . The victims were forced to the foot of the bridge and lined up before being killed with machine gun fire. Indochina became one of France's most important colonial possessions. This is a universal phenomena, from China to Turkey to Rome and Aztecs. This was a pittance, as Vietnamese historian Ngo Vinh Long noted: Even a dog belonging to a colonial household cost an average of 150 piastres a year to feed. 3. How Many Vietnam Veterans are Alive Today? To minimise local resistance, the French employed a divide and rule strategy, undermining Vietnamese unity by playing local mandarins, communities and religious groups against each other. By the time of independence, it had been reduced to a mere 10 percent. Nor do we have statistics on gender, age, or the social origins of those killed. I would like to point out though, that in your title you mention Vietnam (only), but the in the post it is Indochina French Indochina comprised of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina). [1] Many women were raped by the French soldiers before being killed. This Frenchwoman does not look like she is suffering, nor the ones in the background. One may be quoted: With a razor blade, to cut the skin of the legs in long furrows, to fill the wound with cotton and then burn the cotton.. But since some of the Legionaries were charged with an excess of zeal later at a trial at Hanoi in June 1933, it is possible to extract certain portions of the record that will show on whom lies the responsibility for this behaviour. In the months before the massacre, the American soldiers at fault had been repeatedly attacked by Viet Cong troops. Terror became a tactic in their aggression. French colonisers were relatively few in number so were assisted by Francophile collaborators among the Vietnamese people. This included income tax on wages, a poll tax on all adult males, stamp duties on a wide range of publications and documents, and imposts on the weighing and measuring of agricultural goods. But for the 6 million Arabs and Berbers, French colonialism was a disaster that they resisted by any means necessary. Then it took another 21 years before Vietnam's victory over U.S. imperialism after the U.S. killed 3 million Vietnamese. #12 of 266 things to do in Hanoi Sights & Landmarks, Historic Sites 1 Hoa Lo St | Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam Open today: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM Hanoi War Sites Walking Tour 0 reviews Book in advance from $5.13 per adult Check availability View full product details AppleAdam Hanoi, Vietnam 147 178 French atrocities Review of Hoa Lo Prison Lamoanne: That was to influence the population. May 5, 2012. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu is seen as the decisive battle of the First Indochina War between French troops and the Viet Minh (League for the Independence of Vietnam), a nationalist, pro-Soviet Union movement of Ho Chi Minh.This major confrontation occurred at Dien Bien Phu, a large heart-shaped valley located in northwestern part of Vietnam, near the border with Laos. Here the focus is on Spain & Portugal, though there were cases in many other invasions, Napoleon had already encouraged his troops to loot and kill after seiges in Italy and after the seige of Jaffar he ordered . Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. The French colonial period in Vietnam officially began in 1887, when Vietnam was referred to as French Indochina. Looking back, Russell was 'controlled'there was no 'cui bono' investigation of war profits, or of Jewish involvement in the genocide. Even more lucrative were the state monopolies on rice wine and salt commodities used extensively by locals. The evidence of numerous mass killings of Vietnamese civilians reveals that the infamous My Lai Massacre was neither an accident nor an aberration, but rather a normal part of the American The virulently racist French settlers, numbering 1 million by the 1950s, lived a luxury lifestyle. By the late 1880s, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia were all controlled by France and collectively referred to as Indochine Franais (French Indochina). The most famous and the most horrendous war crime in history and of all time. More methodically sound estimations put the number at 300,000. Algeria's struggle was bitter. The naval commander in East Asia, Rigault de Genouilly, long an advocate of . Most Vietnamese had previously made their own rice wine and gathered their own salt but by the start of the 1900s, both could only be purchased through French outlets at heavily inflated prices. French colonialism did provide some benefits for Vietnamese society, most noticeable of which were improvements in education. The political management of Indochina was left to a series of governors. The French seized vast swathes of land and reorganised them into large plantations. These collaborators assisted in the administration and exploitation of French Indochina. Disturbing photographs from conflicts around the world show soldiers carrying out a series of brutal acts. Benjamin B. Ferencz. Vietnam's struggle for liberation from France went on from 1946 to 1954 before the Vietnamese Communists defeated French imperialism in the battle of Dien Bien Phu. According to Andree Viollis, the methods also included deprivation of food, bastinado [caning on the soles of the feet], pins hammered under the nails, half hanging, deprivation of water, pincers on the temples (to force the eyes outward) and a number of others that are not printable. The My Lai massacre was one of the most horrific incidents of violence committed during the Vietnam War. Bertrand Russell Vietnam War Crimes Tribunal (two sessions, in 1967). U.S. troops fought and died to take hills that were then quickly abandoned. This allowed enemy. During the Vietnam War, United States troops were charged with 'war crimes' against humanity - most notable of all, the My Lai Massacre. What's the Significance of the "Missing Man Table? Download the full article: French Counterinsurgency in Algeria. Both were theories utilised by powerful European nations to justify their conquest and colonisation of people and places in Africa, Asia and South America. 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