Our fathers were never slaves never bought and sold like cattle never shut out from the light of knowledge and religion never subjected to the lash of brutal taskmasters. Black women were instrumental in shaping many of their philosophies; their activism characterized the organization. New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1836. The Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society (PFASS) was founded in December 1833 and dissolved in March 1870 following the ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. How do the various authors view the slave experience; how do they view enslaved individuals? We further maintain that no man has a right to enslave or imbrute his brother to hold or acknowledge him, for one moment, as a piece of merchandise to keep back his hire by fraud or to brutalize his mind, by denying him the means of intellectual, social and moral improvement. ( 1) Under his leadership, the organization attracted . This pamphlet of convention proceedings addressed the "conflict now going on in our land between liberty and equality on the one hand and slavery and caste on the other. The masthead contained the motto, "Right is of no sex, truth is of no color, God is the Father of us all -- and all are brethren." This image depicts the miserable, cramped conditions of 510 Africans on board the Wildfire, who, while being smuggled into the United States in 1860, were captured by an anti-slaving vessel. One of the great tragedies of American history was the treatment of African-Americans. He has a force, a Spirit honey Address to the People of the United States, by the A. 2. [1833]. ", What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?. In this segment, she talks about slavery intersectionality then and now and the difficult but needed choices to act on ones beliefs. In 1865, he was commissioned as a Major in the army, making him the first African-American field officer of high rank. Anti-Slavery Timeline. They were few in number poor in resources; but the honest conviction that Truth, Justice and Right were on their side, made them invincible. On this day in 1775, a group of Philadelphia Quakers met at a tavern in the city and adopted a constitution for their newly founded organization, "The Society for the Relief of Free Negroes, unlawfully held in Bondage" otherwise known as the first abolitionist society in the United States. B. Truth, Justice, Reason, Humanity, must and will gloriously triumph. Despite the failure of earlier African-American newspapers, Douglass founded The North Star in December 1847. New York. Photograph of the barn on the Seth Marshall homestead in Painesville, Lake County, Ohio (available through a link from American Memory) Black female leaders in the PFASS served on committees that coordinated these drives. [9], Writer Evette Dionne notes that this amount of integration and cooperation in a society among black and white women would have been quite rare even in a free city like Philadelphia. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. Freeborn blacks could stay in Virginia, but emancipated African-Americans were generally required to leave the state. White and black Quaker women and female slaves took a strong moral stand against slavery. In 1837, Black Philadelphians Grace Douglas and Sarah Forten joined their white colleagues, Lucretia Mott and three others, to form a six-member board of managers, raising money and coordinating fairs for emancipation. Several Southern states, beginning with the Carolinas, made formal requests to other states to suppress abolition groups and their . Led primarily by its black female membership, the PFASS financially supported Sarah Douglass's school for free black girls. According to Winch, it was hardly coincidental that members of the literacy societies also enrolled in the PFASS, and these societies were an integral part of the antislavery crusade. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. 27 relations. We fully and unanimously recognize the sovereignty of each State, to legislate exclusively on the subject of the slavery which is tolerated within its limits; we concede that Congress, under the present national compact, has no right to interfere with any of the slave States, in relation to this momentous subject: But we maintain that Congress has a right, and is solemnly bound, to suppress the domestic slave trade between the several States, and to abolish slavery in those portions of our territory which the Constitution has placed under its exclusive jurisdiction. ", Source: "Civil War, American." This was an abolitionist group that also championed racial and sexual equity. PFASS meetings consisted of coordinating activities for the fair and organizing sewing circles. Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. Published by the American anti-slavery society, 142 Nassau Street. According to political scientist Gayle T. Tate in her book, Unknown Tongues: Black Women's Political Activism in the Antebellum Era, 1830-1860, the society continued its financial support with annual contributions throughout the 1840s. The Commercial Greatness of the United States, Special Message to Congress (Tyler Doctrine), Estranged Labour and The Communist Manifesto, State of the Union Address Part II (1848). How have they changed? The Convention assembled in the city of Philadelphia, to organize a National Anti-Slavery Society, promptly seize the opportunity to promulgate the following Declaration of Sentiments, as cherished by them in relation to the enslavement of one-sixth portion of the American people. To help students develop their argument against slavery, select representative documents from the following resources to share with students. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Sece Distribution of the Slave Population by State. Adopted at the formation of said society, in Philadelphia, on the 4th day of December, 1833. Address to the Slaves of the United States. Founding of the biracial American Anti-Slavery Society, Philadelphia: 1834: Emancipation in the British West Indies: 1836 - 1844: . Not everyone supported women's public speaking. [16] This division illustrates a difference in abolitionist agendas that began to emerge among the two races. This certificate, penned in 1851, indicates that the 42-year-old mulatto Harriet Bolling was freed by James Bolling in 1842. By the 1950s, there were around 200 female-led anti-slavery groups in the country(3). . Available in hard copy and for download. "[19], As women played a pertinent role in the abolitionist movement, white and black members of the PFASS supported the radical idea of granting women the right to vote and to perform traditionally male roles such as speaking in public. Adopted at the formation of said society, in Philadelphia, on the 4th day of December, 1833. 1863] Phonographic Report By Henry M. Parkhurst. We shall organize Anti-Slavery Societies, if possible, in every city, town and village in our land. The Abolition Movement: United States: Massachusetts: 1801-1900: 1832: The Georgia Infirmary, founded by white philanthropists in Savannah, is the first hospital in the United States dedicated to black patient care . Between the 1830s and 1850s, members of the PFASS led petition drives, ran antislavery fairs, and served as the organizational backbone of area . The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. Senator from Massachusetts Charles Sumner in the Senate chamber and beats him unconscious with a heavy cane. Financially supporting the free black community was also an aspect of the activities within the PFASS. With entire confidence in the overruling justice of God, we plant ourselves upon the Declaration of our Independence and the truths of Divine Revelation, as upon the Everlasting Rock. Pro-slavery U.S. Representative from South Carolina Preston Brooks surprises an unarmed anti-slavery U.S. 7 Carter's Alley, 1833 . The PFASS pressed the Pennsylvania legislature to allow jury trials for suspected fugitive slaves. The organization sent lecturers across the North to convince people of slavery's brutality. We shall send forth agents to lift up the voice of remonstrance, of warning, of entreaty, and of rebuke. Certificate of Permission to Reside in Petersburg, Virginia (available through a link from American Memory) The Gospel Truth is that 1863) (IA proceedingsofamerican00amer).pdf 827 1,287, 180 pages; 10.27 MB Samuel Cornish in 1825 by Francis Kearney.jpg 368 480; 71 KB Signature of Ellis Gray Loring (1803-1858).png 179 35; 10 KB Address before the Wisconsin State Agricultural So "The Whole Affair Seems the Work of a Madman", John Brown and the Principle of Nonresistance. They are kept in heathenish darkness by laws expressly enacted to make their instruction a criminal offence. Declaration of the National Anti-Slavery Convention The Convention, assembled in the City of Philadelphia to organize a National Anti-Slavery Society, promptly seize the opportunity to promulgate the following Declaration of Sentiments, as cherished by them in relation to the enslavement of one-sixth portion of the American people. As students who read the Lewiston Mill Rules in Lesson 1 will recognize, conditions for workers in the North were often less than optimal. She argues these literacy societies offered black middle-class females opportunities to educate themselves and their children as well as to develop the necessary skills for community activism. The Encyclopedia Britannica, Fifteenth Edition. The Convention assembled in the city of Philadelphia, to organize a National Anti-Slavery Society, promptly seize the opportunity to promulgate the following Declaration of Sentiments, as cherished by them in relation to the enslavement of one-sixth portion of the American people. 1863] These women represented the city's African American elite. Russell was born in Kentucky and moved to Liberia in 1833. This kind of militancy, along with race riots in Philadelphia and other cities . We shall spare no exertions nor means to bring the whole nation to speedy repentance. The Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society (PFASS) was founded in December 1833 and dissolved in March 1870 following the ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. For example, the well-known piece of abolitionist literature, The Anti-Slavery Alphabet was printed and sold at the 1846 Philadelphia Anti-Slavery Fair. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. The first African laborer was imported into Virginia. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Devoted to immediate and uncompensated emancipation for African-American slaves, the members of the society drafted the following manifesto to articulate clearly their goals. The society asked him to bring the matter of slavery to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Pay was low, hours were long, workplaces were dangerous and much was expected of the workers, who were at the same time looked down upon by almost anyone in a superior position. It was founded by eighteen women, including Mary Ann M'Clintock, [1] Margaretta Forten, her mother Charlotte, and Forten's sisters Sarah and Harriet. The Snowden Family of Clinton, Knox County, Ohio (available through a link from American Memory) Speech on the Repeal of the Missouri Compromise. Gradual . ", Anthony Burns (a slave) Speaks (available from the EDSITEment-reviewed Africans in America), Slave Letter: Vilet Lester letter to Miss Patsey Patterson, August 29, 1857, and background information (available through a link from Documents of African-American Women), The Child's Anti-Slavery Book: Containing a Few Words about American Slave Children The Destiny of America, Speech at the Dedication o An Address. The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. by Claire Berkowitz and Karen Board Moran. Shirley Yee asserts that black female community activists like those in the PFASS helped shape black women's community activism for later generations, especially in the modern civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. ", Slave letter text and image of original (available from the EDSITEment resource Valley of the Shadow), Proceedings of the Colored National Convention Held in Rochester (available from American Memory) ISBN 0-85229-633-0. The Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society was founded on this date in 1833. Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. Grace Douglass, Mary Woods, Lydia White, Margaret Bowser, and Sarah McCrummel also signed the charter; Sarah Mapps Douglas joined the organization shortly after. The American Anti-Slavery Society hoped to convince both white Southerners and Northerners of slavery's inhumanity. What differences existed between ordinary Americans living in the North and those living in the South in the years before the Civil War? The War With Mexico: Speech in the United States H What Are the Colored People Doing for Themselves? Yet five years later, Southern sociologist George Fitzhugh was still defending race-based slavery as positive good, arguing that it benefited the slave as well as the owner. African-Americans in Knox County have long claimed that Daniel D. Emmett learned the song "Dixie" from the Snowdens. The American Anti-Slavery Society was a group that met in Philadelphia in order to find a way to promote their Declaration of Sentiments to help spread their abolitionist message. The nation was deeply divided. A contemporary African-American journalist observed that Douglass's ability as a newspaper editor and publisher did more for the "freedom and elevation of his race than all his platform appearances. In 1833 in Philadelphia, the first American Anti-Slavery Society Convention convened. The Commercial Greatness of the United States, Special Message to Congress (Tyler Doctrine), Estranged Labour and The Communist Manifesto, State of the Union Address Part II (1848). The New England and Middle States had, through a combination of gradual abolition and immediate emancipation measures, dramatically decreased the number of slaves in their territories, while the Southern states had increased their reliance upon slave labor in the production of various cash crops, chief among them King Cotton. Nevertheless, there were individuals in both sections of the country who recognized the need for continued prudential reform. The African American community had 6,500 free people in 1790, rising to 57,000 in 1860. During the night of July 29, a shipment of mail sent by boat docked at the . Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. Benjamin Lundy published this paper for the Eastern District Executive Committee of the Anti-Slavery Society of Pennsylvania. We shall enlist the pulpit and the press in the cause of the suffering and the dumb. Harriet Tubman escapes slavery (available through a link from American Memory), A poster (high-resolution image) revealing the intensity of feelings against slavery a decade before war: "Union with freemen --No union with slaveholders. Record of the Organization and Proceedings of The Massachusetts Lawmakers Investigate Working Condit State (Colonial) Legislatures>Massachusetts State Legislature. Within two years the society had 200 local chapters, and . Martin Robison Delany (1812-1885) (available through a link from the EDSITEment resource American Memory) [17] Unlike their white female counterparts, black women, in an effort that Tate labels "pragmatic abolitionism," viewed subversive strategies like aiding fugitive slaves as compatible with the open challenges preferred by white abolitionists. Sensitivity to these issues is recommended throughout this lesson. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Janice McGuire is president of the Levi Coffin House Underground Railroad Depot. Lesson 3: A Debate Against Slavery. On August 30, 1835, Angelina Grimk wrote a letter to William Lloyd Garrison , a leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. ARTICLE III.This Society shall aim to elevate the character and condition of the people of color, by encouraging their intellectual, moral, and religious improvement, and by removing public prejudice, that thus they may, according to their intellectual and moral worth, share an equality with the whites, of civil and religious privileges; but this Society will never, in any way, countenance the oppressed in vindicating their rights by resorting to physical force. This group influenced Mott to help found the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society. In this lesson, students will argue against slavery using evidence they gather from archival documents. The Snowdens were an African-American family of musicians who performed banjo and fiddle tunes and sang popular songs for black and white audiences throughout rural central Ohio from the 1850s to the early 20th century. Every man has a right to his own body to the products of his own labor to the protection of law and to the common advantages of society. In the event of capture or impressment, sailors needed to have documents on file to verify that they were citizens of the United States. A person who is against slavery. How might either set of arguments be evaluated in light of the Declaration of Independence? Between 1834 and 1850, the PFASS sent numerous petitions to the Philadelphia state legislature and to Congress. The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions (Ly Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. Black women members under the leadership of Hetty Reckless worked closely with the Vigilance Association of Philadelphia, an all-male benevolent society that aided fugitive slaves. In what ways are the arguments about eugenics in the twentieth century reminiscent of the arguments in favor of slavery? African slaves arrived with some of the earliest European settlers, and slavery had been a centuries-old institution in America by the 1850s. To study slavery means to encounter facts and/or images some students may find unsettlingincluding the fact that many people in the South vigorously defended it. Predating both the Philadelphia Antislavery Society (1834) and the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society (1837), the group was composed of Black and white women who espoused immediate abolitionism. Speech on Assuming Office of the President. This relation to slavery is criminal, and full of danger: IT MUST BE BROKEN UP. The PFASS was formed as a result of the inability of women to become members of the male abolitionist organization. Angelina joined the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society, which was associated with the American Anti-Slavery Society, founded in 1833. William S. | Library of Congress Penny tracts. This certificate states that the court allowed Bolling "to remain in this Commonwealth and reside in Petersburg. Address to the Slaves of the United States. The May Anti-Slavery Collection. We have met together for the achievement of an enterprise, without which that of our fathers is incomplete; and which, for its magnitude, solemnity, and probable results upon the destiny of the world, as far transcends theirs as moral truth does physical force. Documents in Detail: Henry Clay's Market Speech, Message to the Senate Protesting the Censure Resolution, Check out our collection of primary source readers. Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Breckinridge Facti (Southern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. They believed that all were created equal and had the right to life . The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions (Ly Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. One of the great tragedies of American history was the treatment of African-Americans. He toured Ohio to gather subscribers and news for the paper. William Lloyd Garrison, an outspoken radical leader of the abolitionists in New England, in 1832 organized the New England Anti-Slavery Society. Get our quarterly newsletter to stay up-to-date, plus all speech or video narrative bookings near you as they happen. Available in hard copy and for download. Robert James Harlan (1816-1897) (available through a link from American Memory) As the main activist arm of the Abolition Movement ( see abolitionism ), the society was founded in 1833 under the leadership of William Lloyd Garrison. In 1835, the American Anti-Slavery Society selected southern religious and civic leaders, from various reference books, and sent them anti-slavery newspapers and other printed materials. In December 1833, dozens of Northern activists met in Philadelphia to found the American Anti-Slavery Society. 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