imperial protectorate

The earliest kings (the pre-Lethings) listed in the Origo are almost certainly legendary. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. Vn Miu (Vietnamese: Vn Miu, Hn t: ) is a temple dedicated to Confucius in Hanoi, northern Vietnam.The temple also hosts the Imperial Academy (Quc T Gim, ), Vietnam's first national university.The temple was built in 1070 at the time of Emperor L Thnh Tng.It is one of several temples in Vietnam which is dedicated to Confucius, sages and This page was last edited on 29 September 2022, at 13:08. This resulted in a native uprising, the Abushiri revolt, which was suppressed by the Kaiserliche Marine and heralded the end of Zanzibar's influence on the mainland. There was no strict correlation between the levels of the titles and the classes of gun salutes, the real measure of precedence, but merely a growing percentage of higher titles in classes with more guns. Some Rulers who were quick to read the writing on the wall, gave responsible government to their people; Cochin being the most illustrious example. In order to establish control over its new protectorate, the Empire of Japan waged an all-out war on Korean culture. [3] It also contained significant minorities in the 50,000 Arabs and 20,000 South Asians who were prominent in business and trade. There was even a serious push by the Savoyards (backed by Prussia) to raise Savoy to electorate status in 1788, which would make it only the second non-German state to become so (after Bohemia). [59] The state remained independent until it was acceded on 27 March 1948. Most of the fighting took place in the country's north and east, although the western and central regions were also affected. [20]:761 This constituted the administrator a governor and provided for legislative and executive councils. ", The Official Website of the Zanzibar Royal Family, "Zanzibar, a sultanate and British protectorate of East Africa", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Zanzibar&oldid=1119784476, Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa, States and territories established in 1856, States and territories disestablished in 1964, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 11:34. At this time period the Saar was a satellite state of France. However, the presence of the Imperial feudal network in Italy continued to play a role in the history of the peninsula. The same year the German East Africa Company acquired formal direct rule over the coastal area previously submitted to German protection. The Indian government abolished the privy purses in 1971, followed by the government of Pakistan in 1972. [16], While they were excluded from the Reichstag, the Italian states were still considered vassals of the emperor, like other states of the empire, and thus subject to certain obligations and jurisdiction. In the south, however, the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire remained dominant until the mid-17th century; among its tributaries was the future Mysore Kingdom. [11], In many aspects, the Imperial claims to feudal overlordship over the Italian territories had become practically meaningless: the effective political authority, as well as the power to raise taxes and spend resources, was in the hands of the Italian princes and dukes. In order to establish control over its new protectorate, the Empire of Japan waged an all-out war on Korean culture. In a continuing dispute over the powers of the interim presidency, Binaisa was removed in May 1980. [7] On that date, the two territories were formally united and Egerton was appointed Governor of the new Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, holding office until 1912. During the Age of the Empire, Concord Dawn was ruled by the Mandalorian A non-rectangular flag depicting a white cross on a red field, Flag of the Minister of Deutsche Bundespost, Flag of the President of Deutsche Bundespost, Flag of the State Secretary of Deutsche Bundespost, Tricolour of black, red, and yellow (same as West German colours), but bears the coat of arms of East Germany, consisting of a. [20] A clear distinction between "dominion" and "suzerainty" was supplied by the jurisdiction of the courts of law: the law of British India rested upon the legislation enacted by the British Parliament, and the legislative powers those laws vested in the various governments of British India, both central and local; in contrast, the courts of the princely states existed under the authority of the respective rulers of those states.[20]. Lugard established several central institutions to anchor the evolving unified structure. Around the eagle and crown, words spell the phrase: Royal Standard of the Crown Prince of Prussia. It gave to the emperors Sigismund and Maximilian I the pretext to intervene in Italian affairs. The new edition is a wide overhaul of game balance and rules, and adds new game mechanics like the Force. The Congress of Vienna following Napoleon's defeat did not bring back the Holy Roman Empire nor the Kingdom of Italy,[27][28] and the restored Italian Duchies now became fully sovereign in their own right. In June 1979, following a dispute over the extent of presidential powers, the NCC replaced Lule with Godfrey Binaisa. [2] Between 1933 and 1935, it was used as the national flag (Nationalflagge) and merchant flag (Handelsflagge) interchangeably with the black-white-red horizontal tricolour last used (up to 1918) by the German Empire. A hard-line British field marshal, atop the I.R.A. They displaced small bands of indigenous hunter-gatherers, who relocated to the less accessible mountains. This page was last edited on 29 September 2022, at 13:08. In fact, princely titles were even awarded to holders of domains (mainly jagirs) and even taluqdars and zamindars, which were not states at all. "Punjab States,", Indian States and Agencies. It originally comprised large parts of northern and central Italy. The "Protectorate of Kenya" was a 16km (10mi) coastal strip together with certain islands which remained under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar until the independence of Kenya. The kingdom was also beset by Arab raiding parties from Sicily and North Africa, and central authority was minimal at best. Flag of Saarland which was given by French Government. The history of Egypt under the British lasted from 1882, when it was occupied by British forces during the Anglo-Egyptian War, until 1956 after the Suez Crisis, when the last British forces withdrew in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian agreement of 1954.The first period of British rule (18821914) is often called the "veiled protectorate".During this time the Khedivate of Egypt Unlike most of the German states, the Imperial Italian contributions bypassed the Reichstag and other institutions and went directly to the Imperial army and treasury. It administered about 240km (150mi) of coastline stretching from the River Jubba via Mombasa to German East Africa which were leased from the Sultan. At the same time, the Marathas carved out their own states to form the Maratha Empire. In all, 24 British infantry regiments served in the Australian colonies. In the same month, Obote died in South Africa. The forests of Uganda were gradually cleared for agriculture by Mary I of England, from a portrait by Anthonio Mor, about 1553. ", Reid, Andrew. Not monitored 24/7. Concord Dawn was a planet located in the Concord Dawn system, within the Mandalore sector of the galaxy's Outer Rim Territories. Black, white, and red horizontal tricolour. The Lagos colony was later added in 1906, and the territory was officially renamed the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands). The British launched an attack on the palace and other locations around the city after which Khalid retreated and later went into exile. A princely state (also called native state or Indian state) was a nominally sovereign entity of the British Indian Empire that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule, subject to a subsidiary alliance and the suzerainty or paramountcy of the British crown.. The native states in 1947 included five large states that were in "direct political relations" with the Government of India. [5], From 1900 to 1920, a sleeping sickness epidemic in the southern part of Uganda, along the north shores of Lake Victoria, killed more than 250,000 people.[6]. Rev. Their knowledge of agriculture and use of iron-forging technology permitted them to clear the land and feed ever larger numbers of settlers. Bangash, Yaqoob Khan (2016). Amin's rule ended after the Uganda-Tanzania War in which Tanzanian forces aided by Ugandan exiles invaded Uganda. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Rise & Alliance of the Italian City-States", "Charles V | Biography, Reign, Abdication, & Facts", "Treaty of Campo Formio | France-Austria [1797]", Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)&oldid=1120000693, States and territories established in the 850s, States and territories disestablished in 1801, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2017, Articles containing Italian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Evidence from the Paleolithic era shows humans have inhabited Uganda for at least 50,000 years. A client state, in international relations, is a state that is economically, politically, and/or militarily subordinate to another more powerful state (called "controlling state" in this article). Imperial authority was used by the Austrian Habsburgs to intervene in Italy during the War of Mantuan Succession phase of the Thirty Years' War and to take control of vacant Italian imperial fiefs during the European Wars of Succession of the 18th century: following the extinction of the Spanish Habsburgs in 1700, the Emperor proclaimed Milan a vacant Imperial fief and added it to his direct Austrian dominions in 1707 (confirmed by the Treaty of Rastatt at the end of the War of the Spanish succession); the Gonzaga of Mantua were deposed at the Diet of Regensburg in 1708 on charges of felony towards the Holy Roman Emperor and their state incorporated into Austrian Milan; following the extinction of the Florentine House of Medici in 1737, Francis I of Habsburg-Lorraine was invested with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany by Imperial diploma; a similar use of Imperial rights allowed the Habsburgs to establish dynastic branches in Parma and Modena. The flag with the centered disc only continued to be used as the Parteiflagge after 1935. included the Dir Swat and Chitral Agency and the Deputy Commissioner of Hazara acting as the Political Agent for Amb and Phulra. In 773, Charlemagne, the king of the Franks, crossed the Alps to invade the Kingdom of the Lombards, which encompassed all of Italy except the Duchy of Rome, the Venetian Republic and the Byzantine possessions in the south. This resulted in an attack by the Ugandan Army into Tanzania. On a red field, an Iron Cross is shown. The British gave Khalid an hour to vacate the Sultan's palace in Stone Town. Featuring stunningly detailed and painted miniatures, X-Wing recreates exciting Star Wars space battles from small engagements of only a couple of crafts, to large conflicts where multiple squadrons clash. The first high commissioner was Ralph Moor. Banners were of various lengths, which were hung vertically on public buildings. Under an agreement reached on 8 October 1963, the Sultan of Zanzibar relinquished sovereignty over his remaining territory on the mainland, and on 12 December 1963, Kenya officially obtained independence from the British. The Sultanate of Zanzibar (Swahili: Usultani wa Zanzibar, Arabic: , romanized: Sulanat Zanjbr), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate, was a state controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar, in place between 1856 and 1964. Frederick II's efforts to bring all of Italy under his control failed as signally as those of his grandfather, and his death in 1250 marked the effective end of the Kingdom of Italy as a genuine political unit. On 12 January 1964, Jamshid bin Abdullah, the last sultan, was deposed and lost sovereignty over the last of his dominions, Zanzibar, marking the end of the Sultanate. All the princes were eventually pensioned off.[3]. [2], Meanwhile, by the first century CE and possibly as early as the fourth century BCE in Western Tanzania, certain related Bantu-speaking metallurgists were perfecting iron smelting to produce medium grade carbon steel in pre-heated forced-draught furnaces. Britain granted independence to Uganda in 1962, although elections leading to internal self-governance were held on 1 March 1961. ", Sejjaaka, Samuel. [5] The Sultanate's territories varied over time, and at their greatest extent spanned all of present-day Kenya[citation needed] and the Zanzibar Archipelago off the Swahili Coast. The Nguyn dynasty (Ch Nm: , Vietnamese: Nh Nguyn; Ch Hn: , Vietnamese: Nguyn triu) was the last Vietnamese dynasty, which ruled the unified Vietnamese state largely independently from 1802 to 1883.During its existence, the empire expanded into modern-day southern Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos through a continuation of the centuries-long Nam tin The planet was devastated during one of the hundreds of wars it suffered, with roughly a third of its mass blasted out as asteroid-sized debris in its planetary orbit. Between 1998 and 2003, the Ugandan Army was involved in the Second Congo War in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A red field, with a white disc with a black swastika at a 45 degree angle. Francia, Kingdom of Germany, and the Holy Roman Empire (8001806), Teutonic Order State and Prussia (12261935), Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Other countries in today's Bavarian lands, Anhalt-Bernburg, Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Kthen, Verband Christlicher Pfadfinderinnen und Pfadfinder, commons:List of district flags of Germany, The Right Party for Referendum, Sovereignty and Homeland Protection, Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists, Communist Party of Germany/MarxistsLeninists, Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Constitutional Convention at Herrenchiemsee, Liniendienst von Joh. The absenteeism of the Italian monarch led to the rapid disappearance of a central government in the High Middle Ages, but the idea that Italy was a kingdom within the Empire remained and emperors frequently sought to impose their will on the evolving Italian city-states. It handled 1,500 cases from Imperial Italy between 1559 and 1806 (out of 140,000 total), with most of those cases coming from later dates. Kenya Protectorate Order in Council, 1920, S.R.O. The Chamber of Princes (Narender Mandal or Narendra Mandal) was an institution established in 1920 by a royal proclamation of the King-Emperor to provide a forum in which the rulers could voice their needs and aspirations to the government. This should not be confused with various titles and suffixes not specific to princes but used by entire (sub)castes. This is a list of early warships belonging to the English sovereign or the English Government, the precursor to the Royal Navy of England (from 1707 of Great Britain, and subsequently of the United Kingdom).These include major and minor warships from 1485 until 1660, the latter being the year in which the Royal Navy came formally into existence with the Restoration of Charles In 1902, administration was again transferred to the Colonial Office and the Uganda territory was incorporated as part of the protectorate also. The Japanese foothold increased with the Japanese-Korean Protectorate Treaty of 1905 that proclaimed Korea was no longer an independent nation. Rev. Museveni won the February 2006 presidential election. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many "Baluchistan States," Indian States and Agencies. Africanus further noted that they all had standing agreements of loyalty with the major central African states, including the Kingdom of Mutapa.[13][14]. "A history of Christianity in Uganda." Ondej had six children, all with names starting with A. Alphonse was his first child "[19] In September 2018 a committee was formed to begin the process of drafting a regional constitution,[20] and a draft constitution for a confederation is set to be written by 2021, with implementation of the confederacy by 2023. Amin's troops were assisted by Libyan soldiers. [20]:761 After the First World War, more immigrants arrived from Britain and South Africa, and by 1919 the European population was estimated at 9,000 strong. "A Princely Affair: The Accession and Integration of the Princely States of Pakistan, 19471955". The most prestigious Hindu rulers usually had the prefix "maha" ("great", compare for example Grand Duke) in their titles, as in Maharaja, Maharana, Maharao, etc. By the early 1930s, most of the princely states whose agencies were under the authority of India's provinces were organised into new Agencies, answerable directly to the governor-general, on the model of the Central India and Rajputana agencies: the Eastern States Agency, Punjab States Agency, Baluchistan Agency, Deccan States Agency, Madras States Agency and the Northwest Frontier States Agency. In 1894, Uganda became a protectorate of the British Empire, and in 1962 the United Kingdom granted independence to Uganda making Sir Edward Muteesa Walugembe the first President of Uganda and Kabaka of Buganda. [11] It was proposed on 13 October 2009 by Member of Parliament David Bahati and, had it been enacted, would have broadened the criminalization of homosexuality in Uganda; introduced the death penalty for people who have previous convictions, are HIV-positive, or engage in sexual acts with those under 18;[12] introduced extradition for those engaging in same-sex sexual relations outside Uganda; and, penalized individuals, companies, media organizations, or non-governmental organizations who supported LGBT rights. A client state may variously be described as satellite state, associated state, dominion, condominium, self-governing colony, neo-colony, protectorate, vassal state, puppet state, and tributary state Until Australia became a Federation in 1901, each of the six colonies were responsible for their own defence. Lord Delamere now commenced extensive farming operations, and in 1905, when a large number of immigrants arrived from Britain and South Africa, the Protectorate was transferred from the authority of the Foreign Office to that of the Colonial Office. [31] Zanzibar had a population of around 230,000 natives, some of whom claimed Persian ancestry and were known locally as Shirazis. Henry's Salian successor Conrad II tried to confirm his dominion against Archbishop Aribert of Milan and other Italian aristocrats (seniores). A princely state (also called native state or Indian state) was a nominally sovereign entity of the British Indian Empire that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule, subject to a subsidiary alliance and the suzerainty or paramountcy of the British crown.. 82. p. 653, Kenya Protectorate Order in Council, 1920 S.R.O. From then, Italy became a patchwork of autonomous duchies and city-states only nominally tied to the Holy Roman Empire.[9][10]. Various sources give significantly different numbers of states and domains of the various types. In 2009, the Anti-Homosexuality Bill was proposed and under consideration. [citation needed], Allied Control Council (19451949) and Saar Protectorate. FFG News and Articles. East Africa Protectorate (also known as British East Africa) was an area in the African Great Lakes occupying roughly the same terrain as present-day Kenya from the Indian Ocean inland to the border with Uganda in the west. A hard-line British field marshal, atop the I.R.A. Martel, Gordon. [17], In general the term "British India" had been used (and is still used) also to refer to the regions under the rule of the East India Company in India from 1774 to 1858. The Acholi and Langi ethnic groups in northern Uganda were particular objects of Amin's political persecution because they had supported Obote and made up a large part of the army. There were also compound titles, such as (Maha)rajadhiraj, Raj-i-rajgan, often relics from an elaborate system of hierarchical titles under the Mughal emperors. The expression "British India" shall mean all territories and places within Her Majesty's dominions which are for the time being governed by Her Majesty through the Governor-General of India or through any governor or other officer subordinate to the Governor-General of India. After his death in 1856, two of his sons, Majid bin Said and Thuwaini bin Said, struggled over the succession, so Zanzibar and Oman were divided into two separate realms. Henry restored the rule of Matteo I Visconti and proceeded to Rome, where he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by three cardinals in place of Pope Clement V in 1312. In 1698, Zanzibar became part of the overseas holdings of Oman after Saif bin Sultan, the Imam of Oman, defeated the Portuguese in Mombasa, in what is now Kenya. In the conflict with Frederick the Fair, King Louis IV (reigned until 1347) had himself crowned Emperor in Rome by Antipope Nicholas V in 1328. In general, the monarch was an absentee, spending most of his time in Germany and leaving the Kingdom of Italy with little central authority. The Sultanate of Zanzibar (Swahili: Usultani wa Zanzibar, Arabic: , romanized:Sulanat Zanjbr), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate,[2] was a state controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar, in place between 1856 and 1964. [15][16] Many of the future ruling clan groups notably the Rajputs began to emerge during this period; by the 13th14th centuries, many of the Rajput clans had firmly established semi-independent principalities in the north-west, along with several in the north-east. [8] The accession process was largely peaceful, except in the cases of Jammu and Kashmir (whose ruler decided to accede to India following an invasion by Pakistan-based forces, resulting in a long-standing dispute between the two countries),[9] Hyderabad State (whose ruler opted for independence in 1947, followed a year later by the invasion and annexation of the state by India), Junagarh and its vassal Bantva Manavadar (whose rulers acceded to Pakistan, but were annexed by India),[10] and Kalat (whose ruler declared independence in 1947, followed in 1948 by the state's accession to Pakistan).[11][12][13]. The Lombard League was the most famous example of this situation; though not a declared separatist movement, it openly challenged the emperor's claim to power. For example, the addition of the adjective Bahadur raised the status of the titleholder one level. The December 1980 elections returned the UPC to power under Milton Obote's leadership, with Muwanga serving as vice president. Concord Dawn was a planet located in the Concord Dawn system, within the Mandalore sector of the galaxy's Outer Rim Territories. [9][10] During his 14-year reign as Sultan, Majid consolidated his power around the local slave trade. Use each crafts unique maneuver dial to secretly plot its movement action for each turn. The integration of these territories into Dominion of India, that had been created by the Indian Independence Act 1947 by the British Parliament, was a declared objective of the Indian National Congress, which the Government of India pursued over the years 1947 to 1949. The Iron Crown of Lombardy (Corona Ferrea) was used for the coronation of the Lombard kings, and the kings of Italy thereafter, for centuries.[6]. [22], The status of Imperial Italy was more or less stable up to 1789. From 1788 until 1870 this was done with British regular forces. Si imperialis hendak menguasai hanya ekonominya saja dari suatu negara lain. Concord Dawn was a planet located in the Concord Dawn system, within the Mandalore sector of the galaxy's Outer Rim Territories. The company was incorporated in London on 18 April 1888, and granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria on 6 September 1888. This page was last edited on 23 October 2022, at 13:20. External links. During the period of Japanese colonial rule, Korea was officially known as Chsen (), although the former name continued to be used internationally.. Southerners, on their part, were not eager to embrace the extension of legislation originally meant for the north to the south. A hard-line British field marshal, atop the I.R.A. [2], In the 1890s, 32,000 labourers from British India were recruited to East Africa under indentured labour contracts to construct the Uganda Railway. Bishop Alfred Tucker and the Establishment of a British Protectorate in Uganda 1890-94.. As heads of a state, certain princely rulers were entitled to be saluted by the firing of an odd number of guns between three and 21, with a greater number of guns indicating greater prestige. Amin's eight-year rule produced economic decline, social disintegration, and massive human rights violations. Dalhousie's actions contributed to the rising discontent amongst the upper castes which played a large part in the outbreak of the Indian mutiny of 1857. Construction began in January 1905 and the line reached Oshogbo in April 1907. Otto assumed the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia despite his rival Margrave Berengar of Ivrea. During the conflict the army carried out mass killings of non-combatants.[10]. The Muslim nawabs had begun as appointed governors of territories conquered by the Mughals, in theory a non-hereditary title, with obligations to pay a large share of their revenues to the emperor. The Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) was a commercial association founded to develop African trade in the areas controlled by the British Empire. There was argument about the administration of duties on goods landed on the coast and carried into Northern Nigeria. External links. Imperial subjects, of course, sometimes found their own solutions to such problems. This page was last edited on 29 September 2022, at 13:08. ", Griffiths, Tudor. 1902 No. His further plans to restore the Imperial rule and to invade the Kingdom of Naples were aborted by his sudden death the next year. [3], Sir Frederick Lugard, who took office as governor of both protectorates in 1912, was responsible for overseeing the unification, and he became the first governor of the newly united territory. The Japanese foothold increased with the Japanese-Korean Protectorate Treaty of 1905 that proclaimed Korea was no longer an independent nation. Mombasa was the administrative centre at this time. Juridically the emperor maintained an interest in them as nominal king and overlord, but the "government" of the kingdom consisted of little more than the plenipotentiaries the emperor appointed to represent him and those governors he appointed to rule his own Italian states. Rev. Whatever the literal meaning and traditional prestige of the ruler's actual title, the British government translated them all as "prince", to avoid the implication that the native rulers could be "kings" with status equal to that of the British monarch. The death of the Emperor Lothair I in 855 led to his realm of Middle Francia being split among his three sons. He established a ruling Arab elite and encouraged the development of clove plantations, using the island's slave labour. vol. Charles V was the last emperor to be crowned king of Italy, or to use the title. For further details see War in Uganda (1986-1994). "Uganda in the 1970s: a decade of paradoxes and ambiguities". ", Ward, Kevin. In response to the unpopularity of the doctrine, it was discontinued with the end of Company rule and the British Parliament's assumption of direct power over India. Si imperialis hendak menguasai hanya ekonominya saja dari suatu negara lain. American Journal of International Law 34.3 (1940): 473491. In 951, King Otto I of Germany married Adelaide of Burgundy, the widow of late King Lothair II of Italy. Although controversial in Lagos, where it was opposed by a large section of the political class and the media, the amalgamation did not arouse passion in the rest of the country. The loss of the entrepreneurial Indian minority left the country's economy in ruins.[8].