5,299,863. Their grazing and trampling of grass allows new grasses to grow, while their waste helps fertilize the soil.Swahili CoastThe Swahili Coast stretches about 1,610 kilometers (1,000 miles) along the Indian Ocean from Somalia to Mozambique. The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. Cobalt is a valued metal used in aircraft engines, medical implants, and high-performance batteries. Landforms - The Congo Basin Basin; flat region surrounded by higher land such as mountains and plateaus - Western Rift Valley Highest mountain is 16,700 . With a length of about 4,258 miles, the Nile River rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. CENTRAL Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo (Democratic Republic of), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome & Principe. In 2002, Mt. In the mid-1800s, Central Africa consisted of hundreds of different ethnic groups, which followed traditional religions and spoke hundreds of different languages. Tributaries of the Chari River occupy the northern third of the country's territory. The conflicts in the Congo are likely to continue because of vast caches of mineral wealth in the country that have yet to be extracted. Violence against women has become an accepted practice in some areas. Mobutu used the army to maintain his own power. In Chad, for example, a type of freestyle wrestling in which the wrestlers wear animal hides and cover themselves with dust to prepare for the match is widely practiced. However, in 1907 the famous Spanish artist Pablo Picasso saw a display of African Fang sculpture in Paris, and it captivated him. For much of the 20th century, some of Central Africa's art has reflected attitudes toward colonialism. DRAFT. A great variety of cultural traditions spring from the thousands of ethnic groups, distinct languages, and different religious beliefs found in Africa. The northern areas are subject to harmattan winds, which are hot, dry, and carry dust. a. The entire region is roughly the same size as the United States west of the Mississippi River. Save. Hundreds of ethnic groups live and work together with a high degree of interaction. 1. Many African rulers took part in the slave trade. The countries found in Central Africa are Gabon, Rwanda, Burundi, the islands of So Tom and Prncipe, Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The low-cost sport is accessible to most citizens of each country. 0% average accuracy. One of the first civilizations to develop here was the Sao Civilization in modern-day Chad and Cameroon. Founded in the 1300s, it was located near the mouth of the Congo River. The populationdistributed between about 250 different ethnic groups and about as many languageswas estimated at about seventy million in 2010. It forms a portion of the Kalahari Basin and is semiarid and sparsely populated. It remained so until after World War I, when it was divided between the British and the French. Military coups and transitional governments are frequent. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Location map of Central African Republic A virtual guide to the Central African Republic, known until 1958 as Ubanghi Shari, a landlocked country in Central Africa. The entire region is roughly the same size as the United States west of the Mississippi River. Even though the government has become stable more recently, social pressures between traditional groups and groups with a European colonial background have erupted into social unrest. The First Congo War (1996 to 1997) occurred when President Mobutu was overthrown by militant forces led by rebel leader Kabila, who was a long-standing political opponent of Mobutu and was backed by Ugandan and Rwandan militant groups. This bundle is perfect to use to teach students the countries of Africa. One of the worst cases of violence and discrimination against women exists in the eastern regions of the Congo, where abuse against women, including sexual violence and rape, is listed by UN humanitarian officials as the worst in the world. Human activity has been encroaching on this valuable environmental region filled with extensive biodiversity. 17.42 m3/yr (2005), Natural hazards: In the west, the Sangha River flows through part of the country. Its capital, Bangui, is located on the country's southern border. Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo (Democratic Republic of), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome & Principe. Heavy cultivation has diminished the diversity of plant species in this interior area of the Swahili Coast. Learn africa central african physical geography with free interactive flashcards. Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa, is the southern source of the Nile River, the longest river in the world.The African Great Lakes region has a diverse range of aquatic and terrestrial animal life. Artists who participated wanted to recover the personality of African art by using materials they considered African in origin. The country has many waterways. They produced a great diversity of cultures but also helped link various areas of the continent. in what is now southeastern Nigeria, the Bantu people moved southward throughout Africa. The names of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (a former Belgian colony) and the Republic of the Congo (a former French colony) are confusing. The Hutus amassed large militias and took revenge on the Tutsis for years of oppression. Chapter 23 Central Africa 2. Central African Republic Area 240,535 square mi (622,984 square km) Population 4.709 million (2014) Capital Banqui Highest Point 4,658 ft (1,420 m) Lowest Point 1,099 ft (335 m) GDP $1.783 billion (2014) Primary Natural Resources diamonds, uranium, gold. Brain Wrinkles. Central Africa covers a large physical area that can range from desert conditions to the north in Chad to tropical rain forests and mountains in the equatorial region of the Congo. Outline the major armed conflicts in the region and why they are occurring. Edit . _____ is considered one of the most important kingdoms formed in Central Africa. Mount Ngaoui, at 1410 meters, is the country's highest point. The treatment of women reflects the attitudes and traditions of a society. To keep the two names separate, many refer to the Congo as Congo-Zaire. The division between the Tutsis and the Hutus has deep historic roots. Central Africa Region - focuses on 8 countries in this region (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic . The majority of the highlands and mountains in East Africa (for example, the Kilimanjaro -19,340 ft (5895 m); Kenya 17,058 ft (5200 m); Meru -4569 m and Elgon 4053 m; and the Ethiopian highlands Ras Dashen is roughly . Many of the countries suffer from a lack of infrastructure and rely too much on the export of raw materials. Women caring for large families do not always have the opportunity to earn an education or obtain the training required for employment opportunities or professional positions. Coltan is a mineral that tantalum comes from, which is highly prized for its use in capacitors for electronic circuits. Chad is a temporary home of more than 250,000 refugees from the ethnic cleansing campaign in the Darfur region of the Sudan. So, they saw no difference in selling them to Europeans. Besides political control of the country, a main objective of the combatants was to dominate the resource-rich eastern sector of the country, where valuable reserves of zinc, diamonds, copper, and gold can be found in the eastern region. Africa is home to the second longest river in the world. tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished its reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification, Environment - international agreements: Civil unrest erupts into chaos. The concept of region is very important in geography.Region (along with location, place, human-environmental relations, movement, and human systems) is one of the five central geographic themes and 18 national standards for geography.Regions as spatial units vary greatly in size from micro-regions such as regions of cities to continents . The countrys small population of about 1.5 million people, along with adequate natural resources, has facilitated Gabons development into a country with a relatively stable democratic government and a higher standard of living. Rwanda and Burundi are physically in East Africa but are covered in the lesson about Central Africa because of their border activities with the Congo. BANTU MIGRATIONS The Bantu are a group of peoples and cultures who speak one of the Bantu languages. The smell of smoked fish and a variety of live animals, including monkeys, tortoises, and crocodiles, fills the air. ISO3. In recovering from the effects of colonialism, Central African countries are placing their hopes on education. Politically, they ranged from large empires to small villages. If you'd like to see more detailed blog posts with day-by-day plans and links/resources, here are the links: Learning About . What caused the Rwandan civil war? Coffee or tea is a major export product of almost all the Central African countries. The total number of deaths resulting from the civil wars in the Congo was estimated in 2008 at about 5.4 millionthe majority by the war and the remaining by disease or starvation (CBC). African merchants then brought potential slaves to them. "The Attitudinal and Autobiographic in Gbeya Dog-Names." Journal of African Languages 4: 57-72, 1965. Geography Location Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo Geographic coordinates 7 00 N, 21 00 E Map references Africa Area total: 622,984 sq km land: 622,984 sq km water: 0 sq km country comparison to the world: 47 Area - comparative slightly smaller than Texas; about four times the size of Georgia Area comparison map The UN had more than eighteen thousand troops in the Congo as of 2007 to help curb the civil unrest and militant activities. In Cameroon, palm wine or millet beers are the traditional mealtime drinks. Traditional cuisine and beverages such as coffee, tea, or beer can be found throughout the region. Mobutu was eventually forced from office and fled the country. There is no standard definition of what constitutes the north, west, central (middle), east and southern regions of Africa. The former Belgian colony of The Congo is nearly as large as the United States east of the Mississippi River and is a challenge to govern. A mask from Gabon, in the Ogowe River region, made by the Tsogo people. It is divided almost equally in half by the Equator.Africa's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Africa has eight major physical regions: the Sahara, the Sahel, the Ethiopian Highlands, the savanna, the Swahili Coast, the rainforest, the African Great Lakes, and southern Africa. Only 10 percent of the plants in Africa's rainforests have been identified.African Great LakesThe Great Lakes are located in nine countries that surround the Great Rift Valley. The people of Central Africa find time and energy to celebrate life. History of Central African Republic. The Central African Republic is a landlocked country almost exactly in the middle of Africa a few hundred kilometers north of the equator. This process is known as desertification.The Sahel's animal communities are constantly scavenging for scarce water and vegetation resources. It is bordered by Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo. The territory we now know as the Central African Republic has been settled since at least the 7th century and incorporated into a number of regional empires including the Kanem and Wadai empires. Endangered primates such as chimpanzees and gorillas, along with monkeys and game animals, have struggled to adjust to the shrinkage of their habitat and the decline of their population. The northernmost country of Central America is Belize, the southernmost country is Panama. The Ethiopian Highlands are home to 80 percent of Africa's tallest mountains.The highlands' craggy landscape is perfect for nimble animal species. Know and label According to Abbreviationfinder, Central Africans greet each other by shaking hands, usually every time they meet. The Serengeti is a vast, undulating plain that stretches 30,000 square kilometers (11,583 square miles) from Kenya's Maasai-Mara game reserve toTanzania's Serengeti National Park.The Serengeti is home to one of the continent's highest concentrations of large mammal species, including lions (Panthera leo), hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), zebras (Equus quagga), giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), and elephants (Loxodonta africana). The size of Lake Chad varies widely because it expands and contracts with the seasonal variations in precipitation. Africa Geography 63% average accuracy 2680 plays 6th - 7th grade History a year ago by Paul Annis 5 Save Copy and Edit INSTRUCTOR-LED SESSION Start a live quiz ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING Assign homework 10 questions Preview Show answers Question 1 30 seconds Q. In parts of the Sahara, plants cannot take root at all. A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE A Congo riverboat ride from Kinshasa to Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a journey all visitors should take. Di bo di woman_weaves_basket CC BY 2.0. Masks are a common part of cultural rituals or festival events. Want to create or adapt books like this? Defining Africa's northern bulge, the Sahara makes up 25 percent of the continent.The Sahara has a number of distinct physical features, including ergs, regs, hamadas, and oases. The Highs and Lows in West Africa. After colonization ended, new African governments in the 1960s were then forced to govern a diverse population. In 1991, Cameroon created two new universities. . One African ruler protested to the king of Portugal. Geography. People have lived in this region for thousands of years. Root crops of yams, sweet potatoes, and maniocs are widely served. Location: The two hundred or so different ethnic groups place pressure on the government to address social concerns. This mountainside home is located in the Rwenzori Mountain range in the eastern region of the Congo. Each of these regions has unique animal and plant communities.SaharaThe Sahara is the world's largest hot desert, covering 8.5 million square kilometers (3.3 million square miles), about the size of the South American country of Brazil. Europeans had been in Africa since the mid-15th century but had stayed mainly on the coast. 144.4km3 (2011), Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): Understanding that most wars are fought over the control of resources is a major step in comprehending the conflicts in Central Africa. The region comprises the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea, which are located in the African Transition Zone between North Africa and Subsaharan Africa. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The eastern coastline of Central America touches the . It will take concerted preservation activities for gorillas to survive in their native habitat. Burundi and Rwanda are often included in the region of East Africa, but their connection to the Congo makes them more relevant to the Central African region for the purposes of this textbook. Climatic conditions and diversion of the lake for human purposes have caused the water to recede. The assassination of President Kabila in 2001 permitted his adopted son Joseph Kabila to take power and run the country up to the present. In Chad, the arid region of the Sahara Desert transitions into the humid tropics. Many Central African countries are improving their educational systems, however. . The golden-rumped elephant shrew, an insect-eating rodent with a long snout, is common. Bambara is a favorite sugary porridge with peanuts and rice that is common in Central Africa. The Muslim populations in most countries do not traditionally consume alcohol, but alcoholic beverages are more common south of the African Transition Zone, where there is a mainly Christian population. Lake . As recently as 2009, fighting continued deep in the interior of Central Africa near the Rwandan border between various militias. Eastern-central Africa is home to the Serengeti Plain, a 30,000 square kilometer grassland. Attitudes and traditions vary with location and with the cultural heritage of an ethnic group indigenous to a given area. Coffee is grown in the tropics, a climate prevalent in many of the countries in Subsaharan Africa. Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands The sale of precious gems and rare minerals can bring huge profits, but the wealth seldom reaches the hands of those that labor in the mines in the extraction process. In this photo, General Kisempia, former chief of staff for Joseph Kabila, inspects his troops. 0.13% Mount Cameroon, http://www.cameroonconsul.com/mount.html; Mt Cameroon VolcanoJohn Seach, Volcano Live, http://www.volcanolive.com/mtcameroon.html. Nyiragongo, a volcano with an elevation of 11,358 feet in the eastern highlands of the Congo, experienced a series of eruptions that killed a few dozen people, destroyed thousands of buildings, and caused the evacuation of as many as four hundred thousand people. Europeans first began their African colonization in Central Africa. They are focusing on issues of political instability, urban life, social justice, and crime. 6th grade. The Fang, who live in Gabon, southern Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea, are famous for their carvings. The pyramid of Cheops is one of the 7 wonders of the world which is still exist. The king protea (Protea cynaroides), South Africa's national flower, is found in the Cape Floral Region. Economic pressure to control the extraction activities of saleable raw materials is often the driving force behind rebel groups in places such as the Congo. For religious reasons, some people do not drink alcoholic beverages. Central Africa has several countries that share its name including the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon, as well as Central African Republic. ), white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum), and Burchell's zebras (Equus quagga burchellii). The DRC, the Republic of the Congo, and Cameroon bound CAR to the south, southwest, and west respectively. A number of volcanoes are located in the Congo, not far from the border with Rwanda. Explain how local culture and tradition remain evident in the daily lives of Central African people. In 1995 and 2003, two coups were attempted without success. The remainder of the country is prone to flooding from nearby rivers. Equatorial Guinea is Subsaharan Africas third-largest oil exporter; however, most of the countrys citizens have benefited little from the vast wealth of the lucrative oil industry. The full list of Central African countries and their capitals details. Polygamy is practiced in areas where traditional beliefs allow it. Chad is a poor country with existing political conflicts and many refugees from Sudan. Transition zone with distinct biologic and climate characteristics surrounding most of the deserts in Africa Tropical rainforest Region of dense forest and high rainfall in central Africa Kalahari Desert Smaller desert in south central Africa Nile River Dominant freshwater feature in Egypt Congo River Many rebel groups remained engaged in the eastern region of the Congo long after the agreement was reached. They left little money to develop roads, railroads, airports, or a productive education system for the people of those countries. Chad has opened its own Chad National Museum and the Chad Cultural Center. About 184 million people live in Middle Africa. What caused the First and Second Congo Wars? It includes 5 separate student worksheets, a teacher resource with very basic information on wildlife, geography and language, and a map of the region. If and when the women were released from captivity, it was not uncommon for them to commit suicide. permanent crops: 96.98% (2012 est. This is a list of the extreme points of the Central African Republic, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. The only economic infrastructure they developed was to aid the removal of raw materials. Tropical rainforest covers the southern part of the country. For the most part, Lizard Point uses the UN scheme of geographic regions, but with some exceptions. Further north, the landscape is characterized by savannah. 1 List of Central African countries 2 Background 3 Geography 4 History 4.1 Prehistory 4.2 Ancient history 4.2.1 Sao civilization 4.3 Kanem Empire 4.4 Bornu Empire 4.5 Shilluk Kingdom 4.6 Baguirmi Kingdom 4.7 Wadai Empire 4.8 Lunda Empire 4.9 Kongo Kingdom 4.10 Modern history 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 Culture 7.1 Clothing 7.2 Cuisine 7.3 Music He stashed away for himself billions of dollars in public funds in foreign bank accounts that should have been spent on the people of the country. The eastern border of the region is Lake Chad. As of 2010, Gabon was edging toward stage 3, the highest level in Central Africa for a country as a whole. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036, National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. ), Total renewable water resources: ), the black colobus monkey (Colobus satanas), and the okapi (Okapi johnstoni), a donkey-like relative of the giraffe.The driver ant (Dorylus sp.) The deforestation rate is 0.4% per annum, and lumber poaching is commonplace. They include the Atlas Mountains, which stretch from southwestern Morocco to northeastern Tunisia; the Tibesti Mountains of southern Libya and northern Chad; and the Ahaggar Mountains in southern Algeria.An oasis is a hub of water in the desert, often in the form of springs, wells, or irrigation systems. Unfortunately, the ethnic conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis that tore apart Rwanda in the genocidal war in 1994 had also plagued Burundi. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The economic geography of Central Africa is similar to that of the other regions of Africa. Updated from map courtesy of University of Texas Libraries. Some of these regions cover large bands of the continent, such as the Sahara and Sahel, while others are isolated areas, such as the Ethiopian Highlands and the Great Lakes. On the eastern border of the Congo is a portion of the Great Rift Valley, which extends from Southern Africa in Mozambique to Lebanon in the Middle East. The two wars in The Congo has resulted in the highest number of deaths since World War II. Central Africa is characterized by hot and wet climates on both sides of the Equator. Cities are places where people with diverse backgrounds come together to live and work, which can lead to an increase in mixed marriages. Africa has the lowest life expectancy in the world. Let's learn below 35 very interesting Africa geography facts, African interesting geographic facts! Central Africa covers a large physical area that can range from desert conditions to the north in Chad to tropical rain forests and mountains in the equatorial region of The Congo. But that changed when King Leopold II of Belgium developed an interest in the Congo after it had been explored in the 1870s. Rex Roof African And Costa Rican Coffee CC BY 2.0. Lake Chad provides water for local livestock and fishing for millions of people. Much of the country consists of flat, or rolling plateau savanna, about 1,640 feet (500 m) above sea level. Learning about the geopolitics of Central Africa is critical to developing an understanding of how colonial activity gave shape to Central African countries and why multinational corporations are now highly involved in creating the demand and markets for the resources found there. What are some of the main womens issues in Central Africa? The major mining operations for cobalt ore are located in the southeastern Katanga state, where there are also large reserves of copper. The competition for the control of resources and the increase in military arms along the Zairian border became a major component of the civil war that plagued the Congo (Zaire) during the same period. Hutu militias rounded up and killed all Tutsis, moderates, and anyone not supporting the Hutu cause. Important mammals include African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis), gorillas (Gorilla spp. This type of organization is a stateless society, which you read about on page 443 in Section 3. The islands received their independence in 1975, but thats when their problems in establishing a stable government began. Belize also has the distinction of being the only Central . The riverboat is essentially a floating village. Africa geography facts. Western Africa has a huge amount of unique geographical features. During the Congo wars, women were often raped and taken as slaves to serve the soldiers. Beer brewed from white millet in Chad is called coshate. In Africa, as in most places in the world, it is far more likely for a man to have more than one spouse than for a woman to have more than one spouse. Up to five million people died in the Congo because of warfare, disease, and starvation. Improved education should produce more skilled workers and citizens who are better able to participate in democratic governments. An estimated 1.2 million Rwandan refugees fled to the Congo (Zaire) after a civil war erupted in Rwanda. Which two groups were in conflict? The country of Rwanda was left divided and devastated. diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, petroleum, hydropower, Land use: Geography of Africa (SS7G1) by. This makes it easy to break down the continent and teach it in a more manageable way.This Bundle Includes the Following Regions:Central Afri Central Africa is thus the 20th biggest country in Africa and in terms of area . llll Central Africa All Geography Games Online Seterra Maps Quiz Game Central Africa Crops for export include cocoa, coffee, and rubber. Burundi and Rwanda were both part of Belgiums African colonial empire and were together called Ruanda-Urundi. GEOGRAPHY POINT - GEOGRAPHY,HISTORY, MAPS AND GIS. Central Africa resonates with cultural and ethnic diversity. What is the relationship between the poor, remote peripheral regions of the Congo and the core economic areas of the world with high standards of living and urban lifestyles? https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/crisis-caused-5-4-million-deaths-in-congo-report-says-1.730463; DR Congo War Deaths Exaggerated, BBC, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8471147.stm, http://www.volcanolive.com/mtcameroon.html, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. 1996 - 2022 National Geographic Society. It also includes Cameroon. This transition in political power caused a shift in the militant rebel groups, which created the conditions for the Second Congo War (1998 to 2003), which was even more brutal than the first. Central Africa is a large region covered with rainforest and savanna grasslands. The wars in the Congo involved military actions by the Tutsis from the Rwandan and Ugandan governments and Hutu militias. This dome was later split as Africa's continental crust pulled apart, creating the Great Rift Valley system. The Bantu are a group of peoples and cultures who speak one of the Bantu languages. What is the name of the tallest mountain in Africa? Other traditional sports include wrestling, archery, and track-and-field events. Located off the west coast of Central Africa is the small twin island country of So Tom and Prncipe. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. In the crater of one of the volcanic peaks is Lake Nyos (Mount Cameroon). Each year, more than one million wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) travel in a circular migration following seasonal rains across the Serengeti Plains. As the African continent separated from the Arabian Peninsula, large, deep cracks formed in Earth's surface. Fearing retribution for the more than one million Tutsis who had been massacred, more than a million defeated Hutus fled as refugees across the borders into Uganda, Burundi, the Congo, Uganda, and Tanzania. The confusing name situation exemplifies the difficulties and changes in government leadership that have transpired since colonial times in the two countries. It is made up of flat, barren plains that stretch roughly 5,400 kilometers (3,300 miles) across Africa, from Senegal to Sudan. Unfortunately, the Sahel's fertile land is rapidly becoming desert as a result of drought, deforestation, and intensive agriculture. Africa has an array of diverse ecosystems, from sandy deserts to lush rainforests. People in the Congo are still dying because of the devastation of the war. The Central African Republic is as large as France. In the Central African Republic, children between the ages of 6 and 14 are required to go to school. 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