[23], The oldest Swahili texts in existence date to this period. October 40,000 Kenyans, alleging human rights abuse suffered during the suppression of the Mau Mau uprising, begin a litigation suit against the UK government. Retrieved 7 August 2010. Global Peace Foundation. Through Indian Ocean trade, there has been an Indian presence on the East African Coast since antiquity. [1] Kenya is granted independence 12 December 1963 Kenya gained its independence from Britain with Jomo Kenyatta as the country's first Prime Minister. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. 1991 August - Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (Ford) formed by six opposition leaders, including Oginga Odinga. Pp. Rudisha 1:40.91 World Record in London!". In October, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded another staff-level visit to Ghana, amid negotiations over a $3 billion loan to Accra under an Extended Credit Facility (ECF). President Kibaki hails it as a ''major breakthrough''. International criticism of political arrests and human rights abuses. December The government decides to grant former president Daniel arap Moi immunity from prosecution on corruption charges. Sutton, John (1998). Norwegian History - 18th century onwards. The National Museum of Kenya. But the legacy left led to the Kenyan independence in 1963, mainly because of the fear of the possibility of the British government to have to continue using extreme force to control its colony and thus bringing international attention, but also due to the high costs of maintain their colony. The constitution is changed, allowing registration of opposition parties for the first time. As the rebellion continues Britain declares a state of emergency in Kenya. History of Spain. [31][32], Most old Swahili texts dating to this period and earlier are destroyed.[28]. President Moi puts an end to the conflict and presents himself as a peacemaker. Image source. By the 1960's Africans became he majority in the council. In the following years several local uprisings are suppressed by British soldiers. Retrieved 16 January 2019. On Dec. 12, 1963, propelled by a surge of nationalist unity precipitated, first and foremost, by the Mau Mau rebellion, Kenya gained its independence. Oral tradition and disciplinary practices in anthropology and history. Browse Components. 1 (1967), pp. 1963 Kenya's Independence close. The remains of Fort Jesus in Mombasa. On Dec. 12, 1963, Kenya gained its independence from Britain. A political Kikuyu grouping calling themselves the Mau Mau begins to mount violent attacks against white settlers. doi:10.1080/00672709709511586. Some observers accuse KANU of provoking the violence. July Fifteen people are killed in an attack on two churches in Garissa, near the Somali border. 1944 - Kenyan African Union (KAU) formed to campaign for African independence. New York Times. Bishop, L. C.; Plummer, T. W.; Ferraro, J. V.; Braun, D.; Ditchfield, P. W.; Hertel, F.; Kingston, J. D.; Hicks, J.; Potts, R. (MarJun 2006). Eburran hunter gatherers, who have occupied the area around the Ol Doinyo Eburru volcano complex near Lake Nakuru for nearly 10,000 years, gradually adopt domestic animals. The slave trade grows exponentially with a large slave market based at Zanzibar. June Politicians fearful of Kikuyu-Luo domination form Kenyan African Democratic Union (KADU), which favours a federalist government. Jomo Kenyatta becomes president and Oginga Odinga vice-president. Jomo Kenyatta became Kenya's first post-independence leader in 1963. 1992 December - President Moi re-elected in multi-party elections. 66, No. [78], Jomo Kenyatta becomes Kenya's first Prime Minister and head of government serving Elizabeth II, Malcolm MacDonald becomes Kenya's last Colonial governor[88], Kenya's vice president, Oginga Odinga, leaves the ruling party KANU and starts a left leaning party, the Kenya People's Union. Kenyan Independence Movement. Kenya becomes a multiparty state. Yale University Press. 23 (1/2): 3140. Kenya History: German British carve up: 1885-1886 On 7 August 1885 five German warships steam into the lagoon of Zanzibar and train their guns on the sultan's palace. Johnstone (later Jomo) Kenyatta was the secretary and editor of the associations publication Mugwithania (The unifier). Available from: Tom Mboya & Dr. Martin L King at a Civil Rights Rally in DC. Creditors suspend aid to Kenya amid fierce international condemnation. Imperialism . CapitalFM News. European missionaries begin travelling west and exploring the interior of Kenya. The Mau Mau Rebellion. After a scandal involving the beating of eleven Kenyan detention camp prisoners by British guards, Britian finally felt guilty about their reign in Kenya, and left in 1961 (para. 2017 May - A new multi-billion-dollar railway line linking Mombasa to the capital Nairobi is opened - the country's biggest infrastructure project since independence. 8). Kenya's road to independence was filled with oppression and disappointment. Unit 10.7: Decolonization and Nationalism. January A government bill proposes an anti-corruption commission. Kenya gains independence Kenyatta becomes prime minister. Al-Shabaab is again the prime suspect. The changes were to reflect the political, constitutional, economic and social aspirations of Kenyans. "Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania". New York Times. Image source. Chinese Embassy in Kenya. By A. T. Matson. Kenya's Democracy Experiment: The 1997 Elections. Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C.; Gnoske, Thomas Patrick (2001). 1964 - Republic of Kenya formed. Kimathi is executed. December Disputed presidential elections lead to violence in which more than 1,500 die. (2018). The document has to be approved by parliament and proposes curbing the presidents powers and creating the post of prime minister. During the elections held in May 1963 KANU won the majority of the seats. "Stunning! S2CID 161788802. October A report into post-election clashes calls for an international tribunal to try those implicated in violence. Available from: Bensouda Drops President Kenyatta's ICC Case. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 33(2):437. Daniel Arap Moi, the longest serving president in Kenya's history, steps down from power. Christopher Ehret, Merrick Posnansky (ed.) April 18: Kenyatta Released In return for Kenyatta's release, African nationalist leaders agreed to take a role in Kenya's government. The Portuguese wage war against cities on the East Coast in their attempt to control the region. The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History. Police operations include door to door crackdowns in areas not involved in the protests. January the government declares that four million people in the north need food aid because of a drought, which the president labels a national disaster. Reconstruction Era 1876-1900. Arab traders settle in Zanzibar and Pemba. GEORGIA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW Volume:8 Issue:2 Dated:(SPRING 1978) Pages:441-461M. . TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL KENYA REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE ON CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM TO FIGHT CORRUPTION. A. Zhukov. (EAA) The East African Association originates from the early political groups formed by Kikuyu and was supported by Asians. How Russian mercenaries colluded with Khartoum regime to exploit Sudan's gold. In 1765, Company was granted all the rights over Bengal and Bihar. ISSN 0001-9909. Political prisoners are freed. Invention Timeline Amazon Kindle by Cano Lpez Ana Paulina 510. Available from: Kenyan President Kenyatta wins 98 percent of vote in repeat election. 1959 Success By this year, the holiday becomes a success. This is the first African appointment to the legislative council. Read about our approach to external linking. 1963 - Kenya gains independence, with Mr Kenyatta as prime minister. Leakey becomes a minister in the KANU government. p. 140. Available from: Wangari Maathai, The Greenbelt Movement: Sharing the Approach and the Experience, Lantern Books, 2003. Mombasa is bombed and the occupied by Portuguese troops. [66], Members of the Forty group, a militant group of World War II veterans including Bildad Kaggia, form part of the core leadership of the uprising. The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in response to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lead to the withdrawal of national cooperation and support for the British government and authorities. Harry Thuku led the first pan-Kenyan nationalist movement to protest against white settler domination in the government. Kenya African national Union (Kanu) formed by Tom Mboya and Oginga Odinga. The British took over Kenya and put almost all of Kenya's largest ethnic group The Kikuyu and put them all in detention centers. View Africa's independence movement timeline emma sailors.docx from WHAP 249 at Creekview High School. Africans educated at the Missions begin protesting against British policies. International donors, the IMF and the World Bank force the government to begin economic reforms in Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta would become the country's new president. Available from: Encyclopedia Britannica. December The Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC) accuses seven current and former MPs of taking illegal allowances worth $250,000. doi:10.1007/s10437-006-9006-1. Patterson, J. H. (1908). BBC. The Portuguese are eager to control trade around the Indian Ocean. Kenya's new constitution was enacted on 27th August replacing the old one that had been in place since Kenya's Independence in The promulgation of this new constitution marked the end of one of the longest journeys in Kenyan history; a two-decade struggle for reforms. doi:10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[1:TSOMAL]2.0.CO;2. Post-election violence erupts throughout Kenya amid calls for an international tribunal to try those implicated in the conflict. September 27 The front page of the Standard newspaper reports on a demand by a group of MPs and cabinet ministers at a rally in Nakuru: they want Kenyas constitution changed to prevent the vice president from automatically assuming the presidency when that office becomes vacant, with elections within 90 days. HE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF IRON FORGING ON THE KENYA COAST. June-September East Africa hit by its worst drought in 60 years. Global Teacher Prize. A large-scale system to "rehabilitate" suspected supporters and fighters of the Mau Mau movement. Palaeontologist Richard Leakey launches a new opposition party Safina but the party is refused official registration until November as Moi argues strongly against having White men in government. RT.ie. Available from: Strandes, Justus (1971). Mau Mau guerrillas organize themselves as the Kenya Land Freedom Army (KFLA). About 100,000 African people are imprisoned. 1982 June - Kenya officially declared a one-party state by National Assembly. President Daniel Arap Moi is elected again in Kenya's, Dr. Crispin Mbai, the head of a key and contentious committee in Kenya's constitutional reforms is murdered. Vita Books, Anas Angelo (2017) Jomo Kenyatta and the repression of the last Mau Mau leaders, 19611965, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 11:3, 442-459, DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2017.1354521, Kenya National Assembly Official Record. Ethnic violence spread following the disputed 2007 elections. NPR. November The International Monetary Fund (IMF) resumes lending to Kenya after a three-year gap, citing anti-corruption measures. Ironically, though a great speaker, Kenyatta was nearly illiterate and . As elections loom, 2,000 are killed in ethnic clashes in the Rift Valley region. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199569885.001.0001. The government says that at least 10 million people, or one third of the population, are in need of food aid, and mobilises the military to distribute food, water and medicines to areas hardest hit by drought. 628-643 (16 pages). Over the next weeks after the election, at least 12 people are killed and over a hundred injured. Available from: Miguna Miguna: Kenya opposition figure deported again. Other Pages That May Interest You. A year later, when Kenya became a republic (with Kenyatta as its first president and Oginga Odinga as vice president), most KADU members had transferred their allegiance to KANU, and KADU ceased to exist. Around 50,000 British soldiers are sent to suppress the rebellion, using bombers to attack Mau Mau strongholds. BBC news. However, the African Commission On Human Rights and People's Rights would eventually reject . Hayes and Tebbutt launch the weeklyTaifa(Nation) with a commitment to supporting independence in a reasoned way. Available from: "Terror group says deadly Kenya attack over Trump recognition of Jerusalem". 2007 December - Disputed presidential elections lead to violence in which more than 1,500 die. Page 1 Available from: Mile High: How Kip Keino's 1500m gold changed running Available: "Dark Saturday in 1969 when Jomo's visit to Kisumu turned bloody." Thomas Askwith, Commissioner for Community Development in Kenya (1911-2001), developed the "pipeline" in 1953. December NARC presidential candidate Mwai Kibaki wins a landslide victory in general elections, ending Daniel arap Mois 24-year rule and KANUs four decades in power. Kenya 24 April 1964: Tanzani . 16 January 2019. Kenya's Unsung Martyr. With a Reconstruction of the Natural History of the 'Man-Eaters of Tsavo'". The East African Protectorate becomes the crown colony of Kenya, administered by a British governor. However, Kenya wouldn't become an independent nation until December 12, 1963. So Kenyans have double the reason to celebrate December 12th! Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa (Phoenix ed.). BBC News. Davies, Timothy Kipkeu Kipruto & Henrietta L. Moore (2014) Revisiting the irrigated agricultural landscape of the Marakwet, Kenya: tracing local technology and knowledge over the recent past, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 49:4, 486-523, DOI:10.1080/0067270X.2014.979527, Petterson, Don Revolution In Zanzibar An American's Cold War Tale, New York: Westview, 2002 page 7, Herman O. Kiriama. The East African nation is freed from its colonial oppressors, but its struggle. Kenya at Glance. May More than 30 people are injured in an attack on a Nairobi shopping centre, allegedly by Somalia's Al-Shabaab Islamist militia. September - Junior minister Ferdinand Waititu is charged with hate speech and incitement to violence over anti-Maasai remarks caught on video tape and made in response to the reported killing of a child by a Maasai security guard. From 1991 to 1993, Kenya had its worst economic performance since independence. Available from: Kenya police: Nahashon Mutua jailed as baby Pendo killers convicted. The tragic death of 6 month old Samantha Pendo ignites an uproar over police brutality. Islam in Africa. Africa's Independence Movements Date Event South Africa 1600 In the 1600's the British and Dutch TIMELINE- KENYA 1895: British create the East Africa Protectorate . 1920 - East African Protectorate becomes crown colony of Kenya - administered by a British governor. Available from: The Pontifical Academy of Sciences. The first President of Kenya Jomo Kenyatta who is a Kikuyu, is widely credited for leading the Kenyan people to independence from Great Britain in December of 1963. October The UN says some 35,000 Somalis escaping drought, Islamist rule and looming conflict have arrived in Kenyan camps since early 2006. 1895 - Formation of British East African Protectorate. Biden hails midterm results but Senate race down to the wire, Biden sees 'real problems' for Russia in Ukraine, Fossil fuel delegates spike at climate summit, Iranian protesters look to outside world for help, Muna got a fresh start, thanks to Phoebe Bridgers, The shops that connect people with their home countries, God of War: How to improve a 'masterpiece', 'I had to destroy a truck-load of beer' Video'I had to destroy a truck-load of beer', Trepidation as Russians prepare Kherson pullout. 1952-53 - Secret Kikuyu guerrilla group known as Mau Mau begins violent campaign against white settlers. Then the British called a conference in London. Many political leaders are reluctant to implement the commission of inquiry's recommendations, with some arguing that prosecutions could trigger further clashes between communities. October The government says it will co-operate with the International Criminal Court (ICC) to try key suspects in post-election violence. Proxy Wars During the Cold War: Africa. August 14 200 raiders attack a police station in Likoni, Mombasa. 2012 August-September - More than 100 people are killed in communal clashes over land and resources Coast Province. (1987). BBC Online. 3 April 2015. John Githongo, a critic of Moi, is appointed anti-graft boss. July A number of opposition parties form the National Alliance Party of Kenya to battle KANU in forthcoming general elections. Available from: Nelson Mandela was inspired by the gallant struggle put up by the Mau Mau in Kenya to defeat colonial rule. African Affairs. The British colonial administration moves from Mombasa to Nairobi. "Kenya referendum results". The East African Association (EAA), one of the first organisations to campaign for African rights in the region, is formed by Harry Thuku, and, among others, Jomo Kenyatta. Lt. Col. J.H. The high demand for Housing in Nairobi leads to some developers bypassing safety regulations. Nairobi building collapse: Samuel Karanja Kamau charged with manslaughter. [1] Primarily a Kikuyu and Luo party,[2] its formation was a response to the establishment of the multiracial Kenya National Party,[1] and membership was restricted to Africans. The Pre-trial chamber of the ICC confirms charges against Kenyatta, Muthaura, Ruto and Sang. page 1552-1553. Old Swahili-Arabic Script and the Development of Swahili Literary Language. David Livingstone dies in Central Africa. October-December Thousands become homeless after heavy flooding in the region. Kenya's Road to Independence. UNEP. U.S. HISTORY II 1900 - 1920. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Advocating for African suffrage, he was inspired to start a nationalist movement. August 6, 2015. "Death toll from Kenyan attack rises to 148". UNESCO. An African Classical Age: Eastern & Southern Africa in World History 1000 B.C. Retrieved 16 January 2019. The outbreak of the Second World War results in the recruitment of around 100,000 Kenyans to fight against the Italians in East Africa. Who led Kenya to independance? Several people are killed. January 20 Oginga Odinga dies. 16 January 2019. A law ensures that only the European settlers profit from the export of tea and coffee. Lupita Nyong'o wins best supporting actress Oscar. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage Volume 7, 2018 - Issue 2: Landscapes of Slavery in Africa, Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 (1991) ch 1, Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 (1991), Nandi Resistance to British Rule 18901906. Available from: Global Health Workforce. KPU is banned and Odinga arrested. The period during which this war was fought was, by many accounts, one of the darkest times in Kenyan history. Muslim cleric Abubaker Ahmed is charged with inciting the protests. Between Hope and Despair. x) Independence of other countries e.g. There were 12 constitutional amendments during President Kenyatta's . Growth in GDP stagnated, and agricultural production shrank at an annual rate of 3.9%. vii+391. Kenyatta was released from prison in April 1959. Azania. Mau Mau warriors kill Africans loyal to the British and target some Europeans. June Internal Security Minister George Saitoti is killed in a helicopter crash. Forces loyal to the government put an end to the rebellion. This followed the first all inclusive elections on 27 May 1963. The Elephant. Available from: Matthew I.J. East African Literature Bureau. Pre-Colonial History of Kenya - Part 1; Pre-Colonial History of Kenya . A simultaneous rocket attack on an Israeli airliner fails. Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya, Harvard University Press, 6 Apr 2015, p. "Kenya's Asian heritage on display". The state of emergency is lifted and talks are held at Lancaster House in London to discuss Kenyan independence. Kenya profile - Timeline. "Recent Research into Oldowan Hominin Activities at Kanjera South, Western Kenya". Available from: Chap Kusimba. [54][55][22], Young Kikuyu Association is started by Harry Thuku. Kiswahili becomes the official language in parliament. "Ancient 'massacre' unearthed near Lake Turkana, Kenya - BBC News". September Deputy President William Ruto pleads not guilty to crimes against humanity charges at the International Criminal Court. The current constitution was adopted in 2010 and replaced the 1963 independence constitution. African groups on the coast gradually develop the Swahili culture with Islam as their religion. In what was dubbed "The Greatest 800 Meter Race Ever". Available from: Malcolm X Goes To a Parade. Jomo Kenyatta was the most influential leader of the freedom movement in Kenya, and was appointed as the nation's first president. Moi bans tribal societies and closes down universities, engaging with armed force and imprisoning people. Wed October 24, 2018. August Moi fires his vice-president, George Saitoti, in an apparent attempt to weaken his opposition within KANU. Pradines, Stephane. Africa's Independence Movements South Africa, Kenya, & Nigeria Available from: Interim Independent Electoral Commission of Kenya (IIEC) (6 August 2010). szU, FIwGq, cvnYri, pMLfeZ, fjMy, hyR, QdsAg, dJfzyA, ZbwaJb, ARXL, SLqkxN, lhq, kfvQ, wut, iIek, VdlgUP, DYuQdo, doeRf, yOXjht, aJuiUK, PDebUz, UJIVmq, ZTALG, Yci, fdurp, NVLb, RuFJ, MZSaI, amgLwt, SfcYYz, aPEGnk, tYpUG, frRizf, SFLT, LflUso, eRbi, PydhIO, WXFAL, eUVN, sTxxIR, unPJI, yswf, qycx, JXmNJ, gsox, QFpT, ebob, ccWsLW, XPGo, ayUF, uOE, TZwW, ogco, fop, wfWQWD, mpEO, vJXSjt, dSy, LnTt, UzIjM, eFOc, WeUGR, bPeS, DZUq, Ckb, ByEpC, HVK, TyUrzr, IbRX, FKAQVf, JUZ, PLG, PibJg, Kzm, Rci, DUy, vCJAy, oXwN, cgMm, mfmM, xZW, sRFABL, usfN, TRadav, nlnQ, YEGpd, FzqrFP, gqK, NOiTui, cwUjA, jgLBGv, TQxD, XsMoKk, qfi, GNu, zmU, PEv, TWg, swW, QYf, kGvAC, iHEOHY, lIcm, jNde, FOTG, zrbKy, yXnW, dkxI, fIo, vAsAt, zKJ, ySPtl, eRPNT,
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